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The 1964 & 1973 Knopf dw
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The recent hullabaloo over posthumously revising classic texts to conform to contemporary ideologies reminded me that I have long wanted to look into the changes Roald Dahl himself made in 1973 to
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Here are the results of my study. [A companion piece on the first edition points
of the Knopf edition can be
found here.]
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, illustrated by Joseph Schindelman, was first published by Alfred A. Knopf of New York (according to the US Copyright register) on 18 September 1964. A British edition, illustrated by Faith Jaques and published by George Allen & Unwin, appeared in November 1967. Both the US and UK editions had multiple printings, before the first film of the book, retitled Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka), came out on 30 June 1971. In 1973, Dahl revised the text in three significant instances, all to do with the Oompa-Loompas. Some of the illustrations by both Joseph Schindelman and Faith Jaques were also redone.
Here I center on the Knopf edition, which has the same pagination in the 1964 and 1973 texts. Dahl's revisions were calculated to fit and retain the pagination. Similarly, Schindelman's revised illustrations were placed in the same places as they were found in the original edition.
The first text change refers to the Oompa-Loompas:
"Their skin is almost black!"
"So it is!"
"You know what I think, Grandpa?" cried Charlie. "I think Mr. Wonka has made them himself--out of chocolate!" (p. 72, 1964)
This passage is replaced in 1973 with a single sentence:
"Look at their funny long hair!" (p. 72, 1973)
The second text change is the most extensive, and straddles the end of chapter 15 though the beginning of chapter 16, but all on one printed page of the book:
"Are they really made of chocolate, Mr. Wonka?" Charlie asked.
"Chocolate!" cried Mr. Wonka. "Nonsense! They are real people! They are some of my workers!"
"That's impossible," said Mike Teavee. "There are no people in the world as small as that!"
16
The Oompa-Loompas
"You say there are no people in the world as small as that?" said Mr. Wonka, laughing. "Then let me tell you something. There are more than three thousand of them right here in my factory!"
"They must be pygmies!" said Charlie.
"Right!" cried Mr. Wonka. "Pygmies they are! Imported direct from Africa! They belong to a tribe of tiny miniature pygmies known as the Oompa-Loompas, I discovered them myself. I brought them over from Africa myself--the whole tribe of them, three thousand in all. I found them in the very deepest and darkest part of the African jungle where no white man had ever been before. They were living in tree houses. They had to live in tree houses, otherwise, being so small, they would have been gobbled up by every animal in the jungle. And when I found them they [text breaks off here at the bottom of p. 73, 1964]
The revised text is as follows:
"But they can't be real people," Charlie said.
"Of course they're real people," Mr. Wonka answered. "They're Oompa-Loompas."
16
The Oompa-Loompas
"Oompa-Loompahs!" everyone said at once. "Oompah-Loompas!"
"Imported direct from Loompaland," said Mr. Wonka proudly.
"There is no such place," said Mrs. Salt.
"Excuse me, dear lady, but ..."
"Mr. Wonka," cried Mrs. Salt. "I am a teacher of geography ..."
"Then you'll know all about it." said Mr. Wonka. "And oh, what a terrible country it is! Nothing but thick jungles infested by the most dangerous beasts in the entire world--hornswogglers and snozzwangers and those terrible wicked whangdoodles. A whangdoodle would eat ten Oompa-Loompas for breakfast and come galloping back for a second helping. When I went out there, I found the little Oompa-Loompas living in tree-houses. They had to live in tree-houses to escape from the whangdoodles and the hornswogglers and the snozzwangers. And they [text breaks off here at the bottom of p. 73, 1973]
The third text change is in a single paragraph:
The Oompa-Loompa bowed and smiled, showing beautiful white teeth. His skin was almost pure black, and the top of his fuzzy head came just about the height of Mr. Wonka's knee. He wore the usual deerskin slung over his shoulder. [top paragraph of p. 83, 1964]
This paragraph was revised to read:
The Oompa-Loompa bowed and smiled, showing beautiful white teeth. His
skin was rosy-white, his hair was golden-brown, and the top of his head came just
about the height of Mr. Wonka's knee. He wore the usual deerskin slung
over his shoulder. [top paragraph of p. 83, 1973]
Six illustrations by Joseph Schindelman were revised in the 1973 edition. Here I present all six, with the 1964 original followed by the 1973 replacement.
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1964 p. 72
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1973 p. 72
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| 1964 p.74 | |
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1973 p. 74
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1964 p. 82
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1973 p. 82
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| 1964 p. 89 |
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Note the number of passengers in the ship in this reworking:
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1973 p. 89
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1964 p. 96
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1973 p. 96
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1964 p. 106
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1973 p. 106
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I have not compared closely the variants of the Faith Jacques illustrated editions, but will suffice it here to present just one illustration and its revision.
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Jacques original 1964
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Jacques revised
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I note there are some additional textual differences between the US and UK texts, in that monetary amounts are given in dollars in the US edition, and in pence or pounds in the UK one.
Later editions of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory were illustrated by Michael Foreman (1985) and Quentin Blake (1995), but use the revised text and so do not concern us here.
